pub fn to_usize(x: isize) -> usize {
let double_x = x << 1;
if x.is_positive() || x == 0 {
double_x as usize
} else {
(-double_x - 1) as usize
}
pub fn to_isize(u: usize) -> isize {
((u >> 1) as isize) ^ (-((u & 1) as isize))