add dark mode

content/drafts/unpicking-aiken-air.md

@@ -2,6 +2,177 @@ Aims:
 
 - Describe the pipeline, and components getting from aiken to uplc. 
 
+## Preface
+
+Aiken is undergoing active development. 
+This post was started Aiken ~v1.14. 
+With Aiken v1.15, there were already reasonably significant changes to the compilation pipeline. 
+The word is that there aren't as big changes in the near future, but 
+this article will undoubtably begin to diverge from the current codebase even before publishing.  
+
+## Aiken build
+
+Tracing `aiken build`, the pipeline is roughly something like: 
+```
+  .               -> Project::read_source_files -> 
+  Vec<Source>     -> Project::parse_sources ->
+  ParsedModules   -> Project::type_check ->
+  CheckedModules  -> CodeGenerator::build ->  
+  AirTree         -> AirTree::to_vec -> 
+  Vec<Air>        -> CodeGenerator::uplc_code_gen -> 
+  Program / Term<Name> -> serialize -> 
+  .
+```
+We'll pick our way through these steps
+
+At a high level we are trying to do something straightforward: reformulate aiken code as uplc.
+Some aiken expressions are relatively easy to handle for example an aiken `Int` goes to an `Int` in uplc. 
+Some aiken expressions require more involved handling, for example an aiken `If... If Else... Else ` 
+must have the branches "nested" in uplc.
+
+### The Preamble 
+
+#### cli handling
+
+The cli enters at `aiken/src/cmd/mod.rs` which parses the command. 
+With some establishing of context, the program enters `Project::build` (`crates/aiken-project/src/lib.rs`),
+which in turn calls `Project::compile`. 
+
+#### File crawl
+
+The program looks for aiken files in both `./lib` and `./validator` subdirs. 
+For each it walks over all contents (recursively) looking for `.ak` extensions. 
+It treats these two sets of files a little differently. 
+Only validator files can contain the special validator functions.
+
+#### Parse and Type check
+
+`Project::parse_sources` parses the module source code.
+The heavy lifting is done by `aiken_lang::parser::module`, which is evaluated on each file. 
+It produces a `Module` containing a list of parsed definitions of the file: functions, types _etc_,
+together with "metadata" like docstrings and the file path. 
+ 
+`Project::type_check` inspects the parsed modules and, as the name implies, checks the types. 
+It flags type level warnings and errors. 
+It constructs a hash map of `CheckedModule`s.
+
+#### Code generator
+
+The code generator `CodeGenerator` (`aiken-lang/src/gen_uplc.rs`) is given 
+the definitions found from the previous step, 
+together with the plutus builtins. 
+It has additional fields for things like debugging. 
+
+This is handed over to a `Blueprint` (`aiken-project/src/blueprint/mod.rs`).
+A blueprint does little more than find the validators on which to run the code gen. 
+The heavy lifting is done by `CodeGenerator::generate`.
+
+We are now ready to take the source code and create plutus. 
+
+### Up in the air
+
+Things become a bit intimidating at this point in terms of sheer lines of code:
+`gen_uplc.rs` and three modules in `gen_uplc/` totals > 8500 LoC.  
+
+Aiken has its own _intermediate representation_ called `air` (as in Aiken Intermediate Representation). 
+These are common in compiled languages.
+`Air` is defined in `aiken-lang/src/gen_uplc/air.rs`. 
+Unsurprisingly, it looks little bit like a language between aiken and plutus. 
+
+In fact, Aiken has another intermediate representation: `AirTree`. 
+This is constructed between the `TypedExpr` and `Vec<Air>` ie between parsed aiken and air. 
+
+#### AirTree 
+
+Within `CodeGenerator::generate`, `CodeGenerator::build` is called on the function body. 
+This constructs and returns an `AirTree`.
+More on what an airtree is and its construction below.
+At the same time `self` is treated as `mut`, so we need to keep an eye on this too.
+The method which is called and uses this mutability of self is `self.assignment`. 
+It does so by
+```sample 
+  self.assignment >> self.expect_type_assign >> self.code_gen_functions.insert
+```
+and thus is creating a hashmap of all the functions that appear in the definition.
+(`self.handle_each_clause` is also called with `mut` which in turn calls `self.build` for which `mut` it is needed.
+`self.clause_pattern` is called with `mut` but it isn't used.) 
+
+###### Codegen assignment 
+
+~200 LoC 
+
+###### Codegen expect type assign
+
+~400 LoC 
+
+###### ... Back to build 
+
+Validators in aiken are boolean functions while in uplc they are unit-valued (aka void-valued) functions.
+Thus the airtree is wrapped such that `false` results in an error (`wrap_validator_condition`). 
+(Ed: I don't know why there is a prevailing thought that boolean functions are preferable than functions 
+that simply error if anything is wrong.)
+
+`check_validator_args` again extends the airtree from the previous step, 
+and again calls `self.assignment` mutating self.
+Something interesting is happening here. 
+Script context is the final argument of a validator - for any script purpose.
+`check_validator_args` treats the script context like it is an unused argument. 
+We'll circle back to how this works later on.
+
+Next we encounter 
+```rust
+  AirTree::no_op().hoist_over(validator_args_tree);
+```
+Its not very apparent why we need to do this. Let's look ahead and consider this later.
+
+The final airtree to step(s) are in `self.hoist_functions_to_validator`.
+TODO: What happens here?!
+
+
+
+
+Note that `AirTree` and its methods aren't fully typesafe.
+For example `hoist_over` will throw an error if called on an `Expression`.
+As `AirTree` is for internal use only, the scope for potential problems is reasonably contained.
+
+
+
+
+The AirTree has the following definition
+```rust
+pub enum AirTree {
+    Statement {
+        statement: AirStatement,
+        hoisted_over: Option<Box<AirTree>>,
+    },
+    Expression(AirExpression),
+    UnhoistedSequence(Vec<AirTree>),
+}
+```
+We can see it has a tree-like structure, as the name suggests. 
+
+`AirExpression` has multiple constructors. These include (non-exhaustive)
+- air primitives (including all the ones that appear in plutus)
+- constructors `Call` and `Fn` to handle functions
+- binary and unary operators
+- handling when and if
+- error and tracing
+
+`AirStatement` also has multiple constructors. 
+
+
+
+
+
+for handling functions, `plutus primitives, along with 
+An `AirStatement` 
+
+
+
+## Down to uplc 
+
+
+
 ## Air 
 
 Aiken compiles aiken code to uplc via _air_: 

site.hs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ main = hakyll $ do
             getResourceBody
                 >>= applyAsTemplate indexCtx
                 >>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/index.html" indexCtx
+                >>= loadAndApplyTemplate "templates/default.html" indexCtx
                 >>= relativizeUrls
 
     match "templates/*" $ compile templateBodyCompiler

tailwind.config.js

@@ -8,8 +8,12 @@ module.exports = {
     extend: {},
     fontFamily: {
       'sans' : ['jetbrains-mono',],
-    }
+    },
+    typography: (theme) => ({}),
   },
+  darkMode: 'class',
+  variants: {},
+  // plugins: [require('@tailwindcss/typography')],
   plugins: [],
 }
 

templates/blog.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <header class="text-3xl">
     # blog
   </header>
-  <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+  <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
     A nascent initiative sharing some of the things happening at Kompact.io.
   </div>
 </section>

templates/contact.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <header class="text-3xl">
     # contact
   </header>
-  <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+  <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
     Questions? We'll be happy to help answer any of your questions. Send us an email and we'll get back to you shortly.
   </div>
   <div>

templates/default.html

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<html>
+<html class="">
 
 <head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
@@ -9,8 +9,25 @@
   <title>$title$</title>
 </head>
 
-<body>
+<script>
-  <div class="container mx-auto">
+  // On page load or when changing themes, best to add inline in `head` to avoid FOUC
+  function updateTheme() {
+    if (
+      localStorage.theme === 'dark' ||
+      (!('theme' in localStorage) && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches)
+    ) {
+      document.documentElement.classList.add('dark')
+    } else {
+      document.documentElement.classList.remove('dark')
+    }
+
+  }
+  updateTheme()
+</script>
+
+<body class="bg-white text-gray-900  min-h-screen
+  dark:bg-gradient-to-br dark:from-slate-950 dark:to-black dark:text-white">
+  <div class="container mx-auto ">
     <hr />
     $partial("templates/nav.html")$
     <hr />

templates/footer.html

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-<section id="footer" class="py-12 px-2 flex flex-row gap-12 mx-2 sm:mx-4 items-start justify-between">
+<section id="footer" class="py-12 px-2 flex flex-row gap-12 mx-2 sm:mx-4 items-start justify-between
-  <div class="text-sm text-gray-700">
+text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 dark:fill-white">
+  <div class="text-sm">
     &reg; 2023 kompact.io &trade; All Rights Reserved.
   </div>
-  <div class="text-gray-700 flex flex-row gap-4">
+  <div class="flex flex-row gap-4">
     <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominic-algernon-wallis-123b42187/">
       <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="20" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet">
         <!--! Font Awesome Pro 6.4.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. -->

templates/hero.html

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
       ⟨K⟩
     </div>
     <div class="flex flex-col gap-2 truncate">
-      <div>withKompact &#36; <span class="text-red-500">do</span> </div>
+      <div>withKompact &#36; <span class="text-red-500 dark:text-yellow-400">do</span> </div>
       <div><span class="text-gray-400">· ·</span> dapp <- lean dev </div>
           <div><span class="text-gray-400">· ·</span> run dapp </div>
       </div>

templates/index.html

@@ -1,30 +1,7 @@
-<!doctype html>
+$partial("templates/hero.html")$
-<html>
+<hr />
-
+$partial("templates/services.html")$
-<head>
+<hr />
-  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+$partial("templates/pricing.html")$
-  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+<hr />
-  <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/favicon.png">
+$partial("templates/contact.html")$
-  <title>$title$</title>
-  <link href="/css/mini.css" rel="stylesheet">
-</head>
-
-<body>
-  <div class="container mx-auto">
-    <hr />
-    $partial("templates/nav.html")$
-    <hr />
-    $partial("templates/hero.html")$
-    <hr />
-    $partial("templates/services.html")$
-    <hr />
-    $partial("templates/pricing.html")$
-    <hr />
-    $partial("templates/contact.html")$
-    <hr />
-    $partial("templates/footer.html")$
-    <hr />
-  </div>
-</body>
-
-</html>

templates/nav.html

@@ -1,12 +1,29 @@
 <nav class="mx-2 sm:mx-4">
-  <div class="relative flex h-16 items-center justify-between ">
+  <div class="relative flex h-16 items-center justify-between">
     <div>
       <a href="/">
-        Kompact.io
+        <span class="hidden sm:inline">Kompact.io</span>
+        <span class="inline sm:hidden">K.io</span>
       </a>
     </div>
     <div>
       <ul class="flex flex-row gap-4 md:gap-8">
+        <li>
+          <button onClick="
+          (() => {
+            if (!('theme' in localStorage)) {
+              localStorage.theme = 'light'
+            }
+            console.log('*', localStorage.theme)
+              if (localStorage.theme === 'light') {
+                localStorage.theme = 'dark' 
+              } else {
+                localStorage.theme = 'light'
+              }
+            updateTheme()  
+            })()
+          ">◧</button>
+        </li>
         <li>
           <a href="/index.html#contact">
             contact

templates/post-list.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   $for(posts)$
   <li class="mt-4">
     <a href="$url$">
-      <span class="text-gray-700">
+      <span class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200">
         $date$ ::
       </span>
       $title$

templates/pricing.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <header class="text-3xl">
     # pricing
   </header>
-  <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+  <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
     Plutus development has traditionally meant long development schedules, and expensive ( &#36; 25k+/mo FTE) engineers.
     We can work with you at competitive rates in either deliverable or retainer based engagements.
   </div>
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@
       <div class="text-1xl font-bold">
         ## retainer
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Time-based
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Still figuring out your project scope?
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Need an extra pair of hands on an existing project?
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Then a retainer based engagement is for you.
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@
       <div class="text-1xl font-bold">
         ## deliverable
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Output-based
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         You know what you want and need help implementing it?
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         We'll first produce a spec on how the dapp will operate technically.
         This involves discussing different options and trade-offs on things from UX to validator complexity.
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Once settled we'll begin the implementation phase and finally integration phase.
       </div>
     </div>

templates/services.html

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <header class="text-3xl">
     # services
   </header>
-  <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+  <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
     We are cardano native dapp dev outfit focused on helping you going from 0 to launch ASAP.
   </div>
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
       <div class="text-1xl font-bold">
         ## strategy
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         We'll work with you to validate your concept, and translate it into an implementable Proof of Concept
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
       <div class="text-1xl font-bold">
         ## implementation
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         Cook up appropriate Plutus validators to meet your needs
       </div>
     </div>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
       <div class="text-1xl font-bold">
         ## deployment
       </div>
-      <div class="text-gray-700 mt-4">
+      <div class="text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 mt-4">
         We facilitate integrating the on-chain aspects with the rest of your stack
       </div>
     </div>